Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene transfer to dendritic cells or epidermal cells augments their antigen-presenting function including induction of anti-tumor immunity.

Publication Type	Academic Article
Authors	Ozawa H, Ding W, Torii H, Hosoi J, Seiffert K, Campton K, Hackett N, Topf N, Crystal R, Granstein R
Journal	J Invest Dermatol
Volume	113
Issue	6
Pagination	999-1005
Date Published	12/01/1999
ISSN	0022-202X
Keywords	Antigen Presentation, Antigens, Neoplasm, Dendritic Cells, Epidermis, Gene Transfer Techniques, Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Neoplasms, Experimental
Abstract	Dendritic antigen-presenting cells derived from epidermis (Langerhans cells), bone marrow, and peripheral blood can present a wide variety of antigens, including tumor-associated antigens, for various immune responses. The development and function of dendritic cells is dependent upon a number of cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. For example, Langerhans cells can present tumor-associated antigens for the induction of substantial in vivo anti-tumor immunity but only after activation in vitro by granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. Thus, we reasoned that insertion of a cDNA for granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor into dendritic antigen-presenting cells may allow for autocrine stimulation and increased antigen-presenting capability. To test this possibility, we utilized an adenovirus vector to insert a cDNA for murine granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor into the dendritic cell lines XS52-4D and XS106 (derived from neonatal mouse epidermis), bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, and epidermal cells that contain Langerhans cells. Infection of each of these cell types resulted in release of abundant quantities of granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. XS52-4D and XS106 cells infected with adenovirus granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor exhibited prolonged dendrites and greater expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and CD86 compared with cells infected with a null vector. Granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor cDNA-containing XS cells, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, and epidermal cells had more potent alloantigen presenting capability than cells infected with a null vector. Most importantly, granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor gene-transferred epidermal cells were able to present tumor-associated antigens for in vivo anti-tumor immunity against challenge with the S1509a spindle-cell tumor whereas null vector-infected cells were unable to prime for immunity. These results suggest that introduction of a cDNA for granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor into dendritic cells may be an effective means to augment their antigen-presenting capability and that granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor gene-transfer- red epidermal cells may be useful in tumor vaccination strategies.
DOI	10.1046/j.1523-1747.1999.00769.x
PubMed ID	10594743